1.地面标记
1. Ground signs
在地面上标出响应的位置 ，嵌入标牌、标牌砖、标牌贴纸等。这种方法直观易找 ，但受限于地面情形 ，好比在快速蹊径上难以设置。在蹊径维修或拆除的情形下 ，会丧失大宗的标记。在这个阶段 ，地面标记都使用上述标记。
Mark the corresponding positions on the ground and embed signs, sign bricks, sign stickers, etc. This method is intuitive and easy to find, but it is limited by the ground environment, for example, it is difficult to set up on fast roads. In the case of road maintenance or demolition, a large number of signs will be lost. At this stage, the above signs are used for ground marks.
2.装备检测
2. Equipment inspection
一旦地面标记丧失 ，该装备必需用于地下管道检测。关于金属管道 ，一样平常使用金属管道探测器（一种将电信号施加到管道上 ，然后跟踪电信号偏向的装备）举行布线和定位。这种装备在地下管线少、无强磁强电的地方事情优异 ，但关于管线麋集的地方（如庭院）或导电性较差的管线（如球墨铸铁管） ，检测效率会大大提高镌汰。
Once the ground signs are lost, the equipment must be used for underground pipeline detection. For metal pipes, metal pipe detectors (a device that applies an electrical signal to the pipe and then tracks the direction of the electrical signal) are generally used for wiring and positioning. This equipment works well in places with few underground pipelines and no strong magnetic and electric fields, but for places with dense pipelines (such as courtyards) or pipelines with poor conductivity (such as ductile iron pipes), the detection efficiency will be greatly improved and reduced.
PE管基础不导电 ，以是不可用这种手艺。我们还实验了其他装备 ，如地磁成像仪、地下窟窿探测器等 ，但尚未在霸州公司投入现实应用 ，效果暂时无法确定。另外 ，据相识 ，现在市场上还没有检测PE管时能抵达理想效果的装备。
PE pipe is not conductive at all, so this technology cannot be used. We have also tried other equipment, such as geomagnetic imager and underground cave detector, but they have not been put into practical application in Bazhou company, and the effect cannot be determined temporarily. In addition, it is understood that there is no equipment on the market that can achieve the desired effect when detecting PE pipes.
3.金属薄膜示踪带
3. Metal film tracer tape
在PE管上方铺设金属膜追踪胶带 ，然后用探针探测。示踪带中的金属膜具有导电性 ，理论上可以体现金属管的特征 ，但现实上由于金属膜的截面积太小 ，导电性欠好 ，受到周围金属管道的极大滋扰 ，导致检测效果很差。只能在滋扰很小且离地面很近的地刚刚气检测到。并且 ，在辐射历程中 ，每100米需要毗连一次。若是毗连不当 ，示踪带在后期使用历程中会因土壤沉降而断裂 ，从而无法检测到。
Lay a metal film tracking tape over the PE pipe, and then probe it with a probe. The metal film in the tracer band has conductivity, which can theoretically reflect the characteristics of the metal pipe, but in fact, because the cross-sectional area of the metal film is too small, the conductivity is not good, and it is greatly disturbed by the surrounding metal pipes, resulting in poor detection effect. It can only be detected where the interference is very small and close to the ground. Moreover, in the process of radiation, it needs to be connected every 100 meters. If the connection is improper, the tracer belt will break due to soil settlement during later use, so it cannot be detected.
4.金属示踪剂
4. Metal tracer
为了提高示踪物的导电性 ，我们使用金属示踪线取代金属膜示踪条。由于示踪线的芯线为铜 ，具有一定的截面积 ，其导电性显着优于薄膜示踪带 ，尤其是刚埋入地下时 ，检测效果更好。但随着时间的推移 ，示踪线袒露了一个很大的问题。
In order to improve the conductivity of the tracer, we use metal tracer wire instead of metal film tracer strip. Because the core wire of the tracer wire is copper and has a certain cross-sectional area, its conductivity is obviously better than that of the thin-film tracer belt, especially when it is just buried underground, the detection effect is better. But with the passage of time, the tracer line exposed a big problem.
示踪线一旦泛起断点 ，如施工时被切断、自然侵蚀、毗连时毗连不牢等 ，都无法从断点处检测到。湾。与其他地下管道或线路相比 ，示踪线的导电性不如它们 ，因此检测信号太弱 ，从而混淆了管道的位置。另外 ，抗拉强度差 ，定向钻时不可铺设。
Once there is a breakpoint in the tracer line, such as being cut off during construction, natural corrosion, weak connection during connection, etc., it cannot be detected from the breakpoint. Bay. Compared with other underground pipelines or lines, the conductivity of the tracer line is not as good as them, so the detection signal is too weak, thus confusing the location of the pipeline. In addition, due to poor tensile strength, it cannot be laid during directional drilling.
5、放弃通讯光缆
5. Abandoned communication optical cable
针对金属示踪剂的弱点 ，放弃的通讯光缆可以更好地这个问题。通讯光缆是由多根（芯）光纤（通常从几芯到几千芯）组成的光缆芯和外护套组成。光缆内有增强件来遭受外部机械载荷 ，以�；す庀嗣馐苤种滞獠炕盗Φ挠跋� ，从而包管光缆的耐用性。
In view of the shortcomings of metal tracers, abandoned communication optical cables can better solve this problem. Communication optical cable is composed of optical cable core and outer sheath composed of multiple (core) optical fibers (usually from several cores to thousands of cores). There are reinforcements in the optical cable to bear external mechanical loads, so as to protect the optical fiber from various external mechanical forces, so as to ensure the durability of the optical cable.
特殊是在定向钻孔施工中 ，光缆强盛的承载力可以包管完全铺设。每隔300米到500米 ，埋设探测桩 ，将光缆引探测桩 ，利便日后探测定位。光缆的弱点是电导率低于金属示踪剂 ，对受滋扰区域的检测效果较差。
Especially in the directional drilling construction, the strong bearing capacity of optical cables can ensure the complete laying. Every 300 to 500 meters, the detection pile shall be buried, and the optical cable shall be led to the detection pile to facilitate the detection and positioning in the future. The disadvantage of optical cables is that the conductivity is lower than that of metal tracers, and the detection effect of disturbed areas is poor.
6、地下管线电子标牌系统
6. Underground pipeline electronic sign system
地埋示踪线厂家以为它的事情原理是电子标记埋在管道上方 ，每个电子标记都有一个识别码 ，与每小我私人的身份证号码相同。管道的主要信息可以定制并存储在电子标记器中 ，如相对位置、埋深、管径、管道材质、管道压力、铺设日期等。使用地面定位装备（探测器）定位电子标记的位置并读取存储的信息。
The manufacturer of buried tracer line believes that its working principle is that electronic marks are buried above the pipeline, and each electronic mark has an identification code, which is the same as everyone's ID number. Important information of the pipeline can be customized and stored in the electronic marker, such as relative position, buried depth, pipe diameter, pipeline material, pipeline pressure, laying date, etc. Use the ground positioning equipment (detector) to locate the position of the electronic mark and read the stored information.
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